![]() Good snowfall is also required so that there is no shortage of drinking water in summer months. The higher regions have average snow but the major apple belts have not received snow which is mandatory for good crop. The quality of snow too is very poor which is melting in a day. The area witnessed many spells of snowfall but its still inadequate as snowfall is not lasting more than few hours. We shall now get heavy snowfall very soon.” As we could not visit temple on Sunday due to snowfall, we went on Wednesday. This was the sign that deity has listened to our prayers. Though the snow was very less but it came at a time when there was no possibility of snowfall. The villagers had prayed the deity on Saturday for good snow and had promised to visit the temple on Sunday. Priest of the temple Nitin Sharma said, “The area has upto four feet of snow. Whenever they suffer vagaries of weather, they storm to his shelter and pray for rain. According to Hindus, Takshak Naag has control on the rain and snow. Residents of Khakhnal, Gojra and Jagatsukh villages on Wednesday visited the Naag Devta temple situated far above the village and worshipped him in effort to please him. The data also indicate that inclusivity and advancement of environmental justice in PA planning and management could be achieved through: collaborative knowledge exchange between forest officers and community members opportunities for community members to participate in planning and management activities and the recognition of marginalized members of society in PA planning.MANALI: Disappointed with almost no or very less snowfall in last two years, people of Kullu have started taking shelter of deities for good snowfall. ![]() Although this suggests a transition toward a more inclusive model, much work remains to advance environmental justice in PA planning and management in the Kullu District. ![]() One important learning outcome identified by forest officers is a movement away from the practice of forced displacement of people. ![]() ![]() In terms of environmental justice, the data show that there is an uneven distribution of benefits from PAs and inequitable restrictions on resource use, a lack of early and ongoing consultation with locally affected communities, and uneven and inadequate compensation for loss of traditional rights. Overall, the data reveal that the planning and management of PAs in Kullu operates under an Exclusive Model that restricts local people from accessing and utilizing natural resources within PAs, while also excluding them from participating in planning and management activities. The study 1) describes the planning and management approach for PAs in Kullu, 2) explains how the planning and management approach has changed since the declaration of the first national park in 1984, 3) evaluates the integration of the four attributes of environmental justice (distributive, procedural, recognitional and restorative) in PA planning and management, and 4) identifies learning outcomes for those involved in or affected by PAs in the Kullu District and relates such outcomes to environmental justice. Using a qualitative case study that included document review, semi-structured interviews, participant observation and thematic analysis, the planning and management of a network of PAs in the Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India were examined. While Protected Areas (PAs) are essential for the preservation of biodiversity, conservation efforts should not impose injustices onto local communities. ![]()
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